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JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109
PHOTO CAPTION MAGELLAN
P-36642 MGN-11
9/17/90
On September 15, 1990, the Magellan spacecraft started radar
operations for its mapping mission at Venus. This image is taken
from the first set of radar data collected in the normal operating
mode. This Magellan radar image is of an impact crater in the Navka
Region of Venus. The image is a mosaic of data taken from orbits
376 and 377 on September 15, 1990. The crater is located at 334.5
E. longitude, 21.4 S. latitude, and is about 9 x 12 kilometers (5
x 7 miles) in size. This crater is very unusual, and is in some
ways different from anything seen elsewhere in the solar system.
It is fresh, with a sharp rim, terraces on the walls, and a well-
developed ejecta blanket. The rim, however, is distinctly kidney-
shaped rather than circular, and the crater's fresh appearance
suggests, that it formed with that shape at impact. The ejecta
blanket is markedly non-symmetric, with lobes extending to the
north (top) and south (bottom) of the image, and a major extension
stretching to the east (right). On the crater floor are several
smooth, flat, dark regions. The asymmetric shape of the ejecta
blanket has been observed on other planets and in impact
experiments, and probably indicates that the impactor struck the
surface at a low, oblique angle. The impactor would have been
moving from west to east, sending ejecta lobes off to either side
and a long streamer in the forward direction. The truly unusual
aspect of the crater is its shape. One possible explanation is
that the impactor broke up as it passed through the dense Venusian
atmosphere, causing several large chunks of material to strike the
surface almost simultaneously in an irregular pattern. The dark
patches on the crater floor may be solidified pools of molten rock
generated by the impact, or could be volcanic material extruded
some time after the crater's formation.